Попробуй использовать этот код
Dim mxDoc As IMxDocument
Dim pFeatClass As IFeatureClass
Dim MyFeature As IFeature
Dim pMap As IMap
Dim pLayer As ILayer
Dim pInputFeatLayer As IFeatureLayer
Dim SearchCursor As IFeatureCursor
Set mxDoc = ThisDocument
Set pMap = mxDoc.FocusMap
Set pLayer = mxDoc.SelectedLayer
Set pInputFeatLayer = pLayer
Set pFeatClass = pInputFeatLayer.FeatureClass
Set SearchCursor = pFeatClass.Search(Nothing, False)
' далее в цикле можешь просмотреть все Features из pFeatClass
Set MyFeature = SearchCursor.NextFeature